Roselle Hibiscus Sabdarrifa calyces extracts modulates cardiovascular disease risk and kidney dysfunctions in diabetic rats

Abstract

Diabetes, an emerging major public health problem when untreated may lead to chronic complications. This, study aimed to evaluate the Hibiscus sabdariffa, effects on renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk associated with streptozocin induced diabetes. The study used 42 rats randomized to six groups: 2 diabetic groups (treated each with 200 and 500 mg/kg dose of the macerated aqueous extract); 2 diabetic groups (treated each with glibenclamide and metformin); 1 diabetic and 1 non diabetic group (treated with the vehicle). All treatments were carried out for 28 days. Fasting Serum Glucose (SG) was monitored at 4 days interval and the body weights were recorded each week. On the 28th day, rats were orally administered with 20 g/kg glucose and Oral Glucose Test (GTOT) was performed. Blood was then withdrawn and analysed. Treatment (500 mg/kg), revert SG level in the diabetic rats to normalcy after day 16. Percentage reduction in glycemia was highest with 500 mg/kg extract treatment. GTOT indicates that the same dose of glucose elevates SG level after 1 hour which then reduced to normalcy within 2 hours. The extract reduced atherogenic index, coronary risk index and LDL/HDL significantly. It also reduced serum creatinine, K+ and Cl-. Our results suggest that Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx contained components that may be efficacious in the management of diabetes and some risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases.