Association between dental and periodontal conditions with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional analysis of urban South Africans

Abstract

Introduction. Oral diseases are preventable causes of poor health outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aims and objectives Investigate the association between dental and periodontal conditions with kidney function and determine whether inflammation mediate the association between periodontitis and CKD. Design Cross-sectional analysis of 1551 South African adults of mixed ancestry. Methods CKD was classified as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min/1.73m2 . Oral profile was captured by decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFTi), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and periodontitis classified as PD ≥4 mm. Results Overall, 6% had CKD, with 93% and 66% of participants with and without CKD, respectively having a high DMFTi (p<0.0001). Further, 84% (CKD) and 43% (without CKD) were edentulous (p<0.0001). A great proportion of the dentate sub-sample (n=846) had periodontitis, however, BOP, PD ≥4mm and CAL ≥4mm were similar between the groups. DMFTi was associated with eGFR and prevalent CKD (p<0.023), with this association driven by the Missing component. Periodontitis was not associated with eGFR nor CKD (p>0.282). Conclusion In routine care of people with CKD, attention should be given to oral health.