Stopping power and energy loss straggling of thin Formvar foil for 0.3–2.7 MeV protons and alpha particles

Abstract

Stopping power and energy loss straggling data for protons (1Hþ ) and alpha particles (4Heþ ) crossing Formvar thin polymeric foils (thickness of 0.3 mm) have been measured in the energy range (0.3–2.7) MeV by using the indirect transmission technique. The determined stopping power data were compared to SRIM-2010, PSTAR or ASTAR calculation codes and then analyzed in term of the modified Bethe–Bloch theory to extract the target mean excitation and ionization potential /IS. A resulting value of /ISE(69.271.8) eV was deduced from proton stopping data. The measured straggling data were corrected from surface roughness effects due to target thickness inhomogeneity observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The obtained data were then compared to derived straggling values by Bohr’s and Bethe–Livingston’s classical theories or by Yang’s empirical formula. A deviation of 40%–80% from the Bohr’s straggling value has been observed for all reported energies, suggesting that the Bohr theory cannot be correctly applied to describe the electronic energy loss straggling process with the used low thickness of Formvar foil. The inner-shell contribution of target electrons to energy loss process is also advanced to explain the observed deviation from experiment in case of Heþ ions. Finally, the reliability of Bragg’s additivity rule was discussed in case of stopping power and straggling results