Cutting-edge progress in offshore wind and tidal stream power technology—State-of-the-Art

Abstract

The growing global demand for clean and sustainable energy has underscored the critical importance of offshore wind and tidal stream power technologies in addressing energy and environmental challenges. While these technologies hold significant potential to harness marine energy resources, gaps remain in understanding their readiness levels, integration potential, and pathways to overcome existing barriers. This study aims to bridge these gaps by providing a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in offshore wind and tidal stream power systems, focusing on innovations in turbine design, materials, and hybrid systems that combine wind and tidal energy. The methodology involves an extensive review and synthesis of recent research, project reports, and industry developments to evaluate the current technological state, challenges, and opportunities. Key findings include notable progress in turbine efficiency and hybrid system integration, which collectively improve energy conversion efficiency, scalability, and reliability. However, the study identifies persistent barriers such as high costs, environmental impact, and competition with more established renewable energy sources like solar and onshore wind. This paper emphasizes the importance of hybrid systems as a transformative approach to maximizing marine resource utilization and enhancing energy supply stability. The findings have significant implications for guiding future research, fostering innovation, and informing investment strategies in the marine renewable energy sector.