Biomechanical evaluation of marginal bone in the surrounding bone under different loading: 3D finite element analysis study.

Abstract

Marginal bone loss (MBL) remains a controversial issue and a major complication in the field of oral and bone health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of implant length, MBL levels, and load magnitude under axial and buccolingual loading on stress at the bone–implant interface. Four case models (without bone loss, 0.5 mm bone loss, 1 mm bone loss, and 1.5 mm bone loss) and two implants with different lengths (Type A with 12 mm and Type B with 15 mm) were created using SOLIDWORKS. In the first part, an axial load of 100 N and a buccolingual load of 50 N were applied separately on the occlusal face of the crown. In the second part, different loading magnitudes (100 N, 150 N, 200 N, 250 N) were applied separately with implant A. Simulation results show that the stresses were higher with implant B in cortical bone compared to implant A, and as the bone loss increases, the von Mises stress and displacement in the bone increases in all cases. The stresses were higher in buccolingual loading compared to axial loading, and a higher magnitude of different loading generates higher stresses in the bone tissue. Through this study, it was concluded that progressive MBL and excessive loading produce higher stresses in the bone tissue, which may affect the bone remodeling process.