Factor analysis of the constraints that female entrepreneurs face in South East of Nigeria

Abstract

The purpose of this study is twofold namely to investigate the constraints that female entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria face, and ascertain the institutional framework that enhance or hinder female entrepreneurship development. A positivist philosophy and a quantitative research design were instituted to determine the degree of the constraints to the development of femaleowned SMEs. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire tested for reliability and administered to the participants. The primary data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, which produced a set of descriptive and inferential statistics. Factor analyses show good reliabilities and internal consistencies (ranging from 0.60 to 0.80) for the instrument in relation to the sample. The findings indicate that female entrepreneurs are subjected to economic, administrative, legal, social, and structural constraints (varying in proportions) typical of women in other developing economies. These impact negatively on daily business operations. The study presents new insights into the constraints experienced by female-owned SMEs and therefore enhances the knowledge base for academics, financial institutions, governments and other stakeholders interested in the advancement of female entrepreneurship in this part of Nigeria.