Characterisation and formulation of waste Augmented 3D Printable Concrete for BIM-Based Automation

Abstract

This research aims to develop sustainable waste management practices in the construction industry by substituting components in 3D printing concrete (3DPC) with recycled glass waste material. This substitution not only improved concrete durability but also reduces environmental demand and promotes sustainability in the construction industry. Waste recycled glass was incorporated as cementitious material and fillers to formulate an environmentally friendly 3DPC. The study considered four aspects: waste material characterisation, mix design formulation, formulation modification optimisation for 3D printing, and potential of the obtained paste in a circular economy. Characterisation of materials was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the elemental composition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phase analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the structural bonding, and Particle Size Analysis to determine the particle size distribution. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of incorporating waste glass as filler in formulations suited for 3DPC. It contributes to knowledge regarding the optimal percentages and replacement levels of these waste materials to achieve the desired 3D printing properties. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance the sustainability of buildings and infrastructure by addressing material selection, energy efficiency, local sourcing, design optimization, recycling and reuse, durability, labour reduction, and waste reduction.